Bandwidth (rate of transmission)

Bandwidth (rate of transmission)
A range within a band of frequencies or wavelengths.
The amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time

• Network Bandwidth (Digital Bandwidth)


• Measure of available or consumed data communication resources


• Expressed in bit/s or multiples of it (kbit/s, Mbit/s, etc)


Bandwidth in web hosting

In website hosting, the term "bandwidth" is often incorrectly used to describe the amount of data transferred to or from the website or server within a prescribed period of time, for example bandwidth consumption accumulated over a month measured in Gigabyte per month.

56 kbit/s Modem / Dialup
1.5 Mbit/s ADSL Lite
10 Mbit/s Ethernet
100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet
1000 Mbit/s Gigabit Ethernet
11 Mbit/s Wireless 802.11b
54 Mbit/s Wireless-G 802.11g
300 Mbit/s Wireless-N 802.11n

KBps VS kbps

• Measure of file size: KBpsKiloBytes (KB upper case “K” and upper case “B”). Upper case “K” stands for 1024. 1024 is computed from 210. (2 power 10).


• 1KB (KiloByte) = 1024 Bytes (approximately 1000 Bytes)


• Measure of data transfer speeds: kbpskilobits (kb small case “k” and small case “b”). The higher the kbps i.e. more the bits transferred per second, more the speed, faster the network/connection. Here k stands for 1000 (103 )


• 1 kbps (kilo bits per second) = 1000 bits per second

Calculate 512kbps to KBps
512 kbps
= 512 x 1000 bps (∵1 kbps = 1000 bps)
= 512000 bps
= 512000/8 Bps (∵1 byte = 8 bits)
= 512000/(8x1024) KBps (∵1 KB = 1024 byte)
= 62.5 KBps

Working of Capacitor

In a way, a capacitor is a little like a battery. Although they work in completely different ways, capacitors and batteries both store electrical energy

• AC Pass DC Block


• To filter voltage


• To pass Signal


• To remove noise of voltage


• Use for as battery


• To store voltage

WAY TO FIND OUT CAPACITY OF CAPACITOR
µ means 10-6 (millionth), so 1000000µF = 1F
n means 10-9 (thousand-millionth), so 1000nF = 1µF
p means 10-12 (million-millionth), so 1000pF = 1nF

Types of Capacitor

Types OF Capacitor

Fix type capacitor
Electrolytic capacitor
Variable capacitor

Breakdown voltage
When using a capacitor, you must pay attention to the maximum voltage which can be used. This is the "breakdown

voltage." The breakdown voltage depends on the kind of capacitor being used. You must be especially careful

with electrolytic capacitors because the breakdown voltage is comparatively low. The breakdown voltage of

electrolytic capacitors is displayed as Working Voltage.


Electrolytic Capacitors (Electrochemical type capacitors)

Aluminum is used for the electrodes by using a thin oxidization membrane.
Large values of capacitance can be obtained in comparison with the size of the capacitor, because the

dielectric used is very thin.

Tantalum Capacitors

Tantalum Capacitors are electrolytic capacitors that is use a material called tantalum for the electrodes.

Large values of capacitance similar to aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be obtained.

Ceramic Capacitors
Ceramic capacitors are constructed with materials such as titanium acid barium used as the dielectric.

Internally, these capacitors are not constructed as a coil, so they can be used in high frequency applications.

Typically, they are used in circuits which bypass high frequency signals to ground.

Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

The multilayer ceramic capacitor has a many-layered dielectric. These capacitors are small in size, and have

good temperature and frequency characteristics.

Electric Double Layer Capacitors (Super Capacitors)

This is a "Super Capacitor," which is quite a wonder.
The capacitance is 0.47 F (470,000 µF).

Polyester Film Capacitors
This capacitor uses thin polyester film as the dielectric.
They are not high tolerance, but they are cheap and handy. Their tolerance is about ±5% to ±10%

Polypropylene Capacitors
This capacitor is used when a higher tolerance is necessary than polyester capacitors offer. Polypropylene film

is used for the dielectric

Mica Capacitors

These capacitors use Mica for the dielectric. Mica capacitors have good stability because their temperature

coefficient is small. Because their frequency characteristic is excellent, they are used for resonance

circuits, and high frequency filters.


Variable Capacitors

Variable capacitors are used for adjustment etc. of frequency mainly.

On the left in the photograph is a "trimmer," which uses ceramic as the dielectric. Next to it on the right is

one that uses polyester film for the dielectric.


Metallized Polyester Film Capacitors
These capacitors are a kind of a polyester film capacitor. Because their electrodes are thin, they can be

miniaturized.

What is Capacitor ?

The capacitor's function is to store electricity, or electrical energy.
The capacitor also functions as a filter, passing alternating current (AC), and blocking direct current (DC).
It has two legs, made of two semi conductor each other is called capacitor

There are many types of capacitor but they can be split into two groups, polarized and unpolarised.

Polarized capacitors (large values, 1µF +)

• Electrolytic Capacitors


• Electrolytic capacitors are polarized and they must be connected the correct way round, at least one of their leads will be marked + or -.
• 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

Unpolarised capacitors (small values, up to 1µF)

• Small value capacitors are unpolarised and may be connected either way round. They are not damaged by heat when soldering, except for one unusual type. They have high voltage ratings of at least 50V, usually 250V or so. It can be difficult to find the values of these small capacitors because there are many types of them and several different labelling systems!



• Many small value capacitors have their value printed but without a multiplier, so you need to use experience to work out what the multiplier should be!



• For example 0.1 means 0.1µF = 100nF.

Variable capacitors

• Variable capacitors are mostly used in radio tuning circuits and they are sometimes called 'tuning capacitors'. They have very small capacitance values, typically between 100pF and 500pF (100pF = 0.0001µF). The type illustrated usually has trimmers built in (for making small adjustments - see below) as well as the main variable capacitor.



• Many variable capacitors have very short spindles which are not suitable for the standard knobs used for variable resistors and rotary switches. It would be wise to check that a suitable knob is available before ordering a variable capacitor

To Lock /Hide folder in windows XP without using software

To Lock a folder in windows XP without any software. Follow the steps Below.
- Make a Folder in C drive with name kris.
- Now open command prompt (Start>Run>type Cmd)
- Type attrib +s +h D:\kris without quotes and press enter.
- This command will Make your folder invisble and it can not be seen even in hidden files and folders
- To make it visible again type attrib -s -h D:\kris
You can lock any folder by chaning any drive location , i 'll already try may it is most imortant for you so enjoy it.

ShutDown your computer every 1 hours.

Lets begin
- First open notepad and copy this script

at 0:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 1:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 2:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 3:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 4:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 5:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 6:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 7:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 8:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 9:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 10:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 11:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 12:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 13:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 14:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 15:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 16:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 17:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 18:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 19:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 20:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 21:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 22:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 23:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5
at 24:00 every:m,t,w,th,f,sa,s shutdown -s -t 5

- Then save this as a batch file, anyname.bat
- the file that we made you can just open it, or put it into someones startup folder.
Note:
You can instead of using every: type a date, and you can use and program .exe .bat or script or anything in place of the shutdown code

Open Multiple Program at a time

if you work in a computer then open multiple program at time
it save your time . .

start /d "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office11" winword.EXE
start /d "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office11" winword.EXE
start /d "C:\Program \Files\Microsoft Office\Office11" EXCEL.EXE

Using the color code

-1st of all we have to see the resistor carefully & calculate according to color code. Such as: in color:-
red brown orange
2 1 3
2 1 x 1000
2 x 1000
2000 ohm
2000/1000 ohm
= 2 kilo ohm
Measuring Resistor
1.Switch on of multi meter (digital or Analog)
2. Select multi meter in ohm mode
3. Touch two legs of resistor into the multi meter & see,the resistor should show continuity or show ohm according to rule of color code.
4. If there is no continuity or no ohm, the resistor may be broken down.
5. The suspected resistor must be taken out from PCB before measuring the resistor

Color code of Resistor:

Black 0
Brown 1
Red 2
Orange 3
Yellow 4
Green 5
Blue 6
Violet 7
Gray 8
White 9
Note:

• Black color has never come in 1st color.


• If black color has come in 1st we have to leave to count the color.
• 
  
• When Golden & Silver color is appeared in the resistor we have to count the color just opposite from the resistor


• We can use the resistor when can not be found same capacity's resistor if golden color in last 5% & silver color 10% up down or 20% tolerance can be used in all resistor.

Way to find out capacity of Resistor

- There are two method to find out capacity of resistor
- Using color code &
- Measuring to resistor

Types of Server

- Dedicated :- Can't use as a Work Station.
- Non Dedicated :- Can use file server as well as work

station.

• SMTP=Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• 
  
• POP=Post Office Protocol
• 
  
• TCP/IP=Transmission Control Protocol/internet Protocol
• 
  
• WWW=World Wide Web
• 
  
• FTP = File transfer Protocol.
• 
  
• URL = Uniform Resource Locator

Types of Server

- Dedicated :- Can't use as a Work Station.
- Non Dedicated :- Can use file server as well as work station.

• SMTP=Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• 
  
• POP=Post Office Protocol
• 
  
• TCP/IP=Transmission Control Protocol/internet Protocol
• 
  
• WWW=World Wide Web
• 
  
• FTP = File transfer Protocol.
• 
  
• URL = Uniform Resource Locator

Unshielded Twisted Pair use

Voice Only (Telephone Wire)
Data to 4 Mbps (LocalTalk)
Data to 10 Mbps (Ethernet)
Data to 20 Mbps (16 Mbps Token Ring)
Data to 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet)

NetWork Cabling

Cable is the medium through which information usually moves

from one network device to another

Type of Cable

- UTP (Twisted pair cable)
- Co-axial
- Fiber optic Cable
- Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector
- Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
- Coaxial Cable Connectors
- Fiber Optic Connector

Specification Cable Type Maximum length
10BaseT Unshielded Twisted Pair 100 meters
10Base2 Thin Coaxial 185 meters
10Base5 Thick Coaxial 500 meters
10BaseF Fiber Optic 2000 meters
100BaseT Unshielded Twisted Pair 100 meters
100BaseTX Unshielded Twisted Pair 220 meters

Types of Network

Types of Network:-
1. Local area network(LAN):The small network (3 to 50

notes) Located within a single building group of building

belonging to an organization

Hardware requirement
- PC
- Network Interface Card(NIC).
- HUB.
- Ethernet/Co-axial Cable/Fiber Optic Cable.
- RJ45 jack.

Software requirement
- Network Operating system(Novel Netware,MS NT,Unix etc.).
- Operating system(Win95/98/2000/XP).
- TCP/IP (Protocols based software.)
- Eudora/Lotus note/outlook express etc.

2. Metropolitan Area Network(MAN):
It is an interconnected set of LAN with in specific area such

as campus industrial park of city. A special high speed back

bone cable or connection serves phone line are used.

Hardware requirement
- PC
- Modem(Modulation and demodulation).
- Telephone Line.

Software requirement
- Network Operating system(Novel Netware,MS NT,Unix etc.).
- Operating system(Win95/98/2000/XP).
- TCP/IP (Protocols based software.)
- Eudora/Lots note/outlook express etc.

3.Wide Area Network(WAN):
This is network that span country at the Global. The WANs are

typically characterized by some from of remote communication

such as high speed telephone line micro wave dishes or

satellite.
Hardware requirement
- PC
- Modem(Modulation and demodulation).
- Telephone Line.
Software requirement

- Network Operating system(Novel Netware, MS NT,Unix etc.).
- Operating system(Win95/98/2000/XP).
- TCP/IP (Protocols based software.)
- Eudora/Lots note/outlook express etc.

RAM & It's Type

DRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
Almost all systems used to ship with 3.3 volt, 168-pin SDRAM DIMMs. SDRAM is not an extension of older EDO DRAM but a new type of DRAM altogether. SDRAM started out running at 66 MHz, while older fast page mode DRAM and EDO max out at 50 MHz. SDRAM is able to scale to 133 MHz (PC133) officially, and unofficially up to 180MHz or higher. As processors get faster, new generations of memory such as DDR and RDRAM are required to get proper performance.

DDR (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
DDR basically doubles the rate of data transfer of standard SDRAM by transferring data on the up and down tick of a clock cycle. DDR memory operating at 333MHz actually operates at 166MHz * 2 (aka PC333 / PC2700) or 133MHz*2 (PC266 / PC2100). DDR is a 2.5 volt technology that uses 184 pins in its DIMMs. It is incompatible with SDRAM physically, but uses a similar parallel bus, making it easier to implement than RDRAM, which is a different technology.

Rambus DRAM (RDRAM)
Despite it's higher price, Intel has given RDRAM it's blessing for the consumer market, and it will be the sole choice of memory for Intel's Pentium 4. RDRAM is a serial memory technology that arrived in three flavors, PC600, PC700, and PC800. PC800 RDRAM has double the maximum throughput of old PC100 SDRAM, but a higher latency. RDRAM designs with multiple channels, such as those in Pentium 4 motherboards, are currently at the top of the heap in memory throughput, especially when paired with PC1066 RDRAM memory.

Type of Resistor ?

1. Fix type resistor: A fixed resistor is one in which the value of its resistance cannot change.
2. Variable resistor: There are two general ways in which variable resistors are used. One is the variable resistor which value is easily changed, like the volume adjustment of Radio. The other is semi-fixed resistor that is not meant to be adjusted by anyone but a technician.
3 Fuse able resistor

Type of Resistor ?

1. Fix type resistor: A fixed resistor is one in which the value of its resistance cannot change.
2. Variable resistor: There are two general ways in which variable resistors are used. One is the variable resistor which value is easily changed, like the volume adjustment of Radio. The other is semi-fixed resistor that is not meant to be adjusted by anyone but a technician.
3 Fuse able resistor

What is Resistor ?

A resistor is a component of an electrical circuit that resists the flow of electrical current. A resistor has two terminals across which electricity must pass, and is designed to drop the voltage of the current as it flows from one terminal to the next.

• It has two legs, included various type of color is called resistor.


• Voltage or Signal resists


• It has three to six color

Electronics Components

Electronics Components

• Resistor


• Capacitor


• Diode


• Transistor


• Transformer


• ICs


• Connectors and Cables


• Lamps


• LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)


• Relays


• Switches


• Variable Resistors


• Uptocoplor

Sign In Multiple Yahoo Messenger at a time

If you have more yahoo id and frenz,then don't worry here is easy step to chat your more friends with different id at time .

-Click on Start Button > Run
- Type Regedit

- Go to HKEY_CURRENT_ USER\Software\yahoo\ pager\Test
- Right on the blank area Click New > Dword Value
- Change it's as Plural
- Again Right click on name plural > click Modify > Set the Value Data 00000001
- At last click OK
Let's enjoy ..

Electrical connectors

Electrical connectors are used to place electrical devices, such as printed circuit boards, in communication with one another Electrical cable assemblies are used in a variety of applications and may extend from various panels, circuit boards or other electrical components.. A typical electrical connector includes some form of dielectric housing mounting a plurality of conductive terminals.Electrical connectors have been widely used in various electrical products and are developed to be more and more precise in order to facilitate the portability of the electrical products and to miniaturize the electrical products

Electronic devices (UPS)

A large number of electronic devices, such as cordless telephones, desktop computers, monitors, video surveillance systems, and answering machines, which are found in the home and office do not possess a backup power supply. When power supply is interrupted, these electronic devices are inoperable. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is a type of power supply used to power and protect an electrical load that is sensitive to fluctuations in or the absence of electrical power.


An uninterruptible power supply is typically used as a buffer between commercially supplied power and an electrical load, such as a computer, that requires precise or uninterrupted power. A UPS serves to keep a computer operating by supplying power thereto when the power supply from the commercial power is stopped, for example, a power failure or breaker trip due to overload occurs. An uninterruptible power supply uses an inverter to convert a direct current (DC) from a battery into an alternating current (AC).The UPS uses the commercially supplied AC power to charge a DC battery. A UPS generally comprises a rectifier, inverter, battery charger, DC battery, and other components, all housed within a single case or package.

Remove the Run button from the Start menu

In the Windows group policy. We can remove the Run button from the Start menu.
These follwing steps is help you how to remove Run button from the start menu

1. Open the Group Policy Editor.

2. Expand the branch called User Configuration.

3. Go to expand Administrative Templates under User Configuration.

4. Then click the Start Menu and Taskbar branch.

5. In right pane, you can find one item called Remove Run menu from Start menu.

6. Right click the Prevent access to the command prompt and go to Properties.

7. Select Enabled.

8. Close OK a few times to close all the screens that took you to this place.

Prevent access to the command prompt

1. Start the Group Policy Editor. gpedit.msc

2. Expand the branch called User Configuration.

3. Go to expand Administrative Templates under User Configuration.

4. Then click the System branch.

5. In the right pane, you will see a number of items there. Prevent access to the command

prompt.

6. Right click the Prevent access to the command prompt and go to Properties.

7. Select Enabled.

8. Close OK a few times to close all the screens that took you to this place.

How to edit group policy?

Log into the computer using an account that has administrator privileges. This is important. Using just a plain user account will not work well with the Group Policy Editor.

1. Click on the Start button

2. Click Run

3. Type MMC and press Enter. ( Microsoft Management Console.)

4. You will see a new window that will be probably blank. Click on the File menu.

5. Now select the Add/Remove Snap-in and click Add.

6. Another popup screen will open with the Available Stand-alone Snap-ins menu. Find the Group Policy snap-in in this screen and then click Add. It is possible that you will see Group Policy Object Editor in the menu instead of the Group Policy.

7. The next screen allows you to select which computer policy object you want to access. For now, you want to edit the Local Computer group policy, so just click Finish.

8.Click Close and OK

What is secpol.msc?

Secpol.msc is also used for administration of system settings. Secpol.msc or Local Security Policy Editor in layman's terms is a smaller brother to the Group Policy Editor. The secpol.msc is used to administer a subgroup of what you can administer using the gpedit.msc.

What is gpedit.msc ?

gpedit.msc is a tool that is used to administer or modify group policies.
gpedit.msc is a file name for the Group Policy Editor console. The Group Policy Editor console is mostly a graphical user interface for editing registry entries. Editing registry entries manually is not very easy because they are located at many places throughout computer registry. The gpedit.msc tool makes the administration of registry easier.
Group policies are stored in a special hidden folder
%SystemRoot%\System32\GroupPolicy\

Local Area Network Connection Information in shortcut

If you See Network connection, typing ipconfig ,here is a step to see network connection easly:

• Click Start > Setting >Network Connection


• Right click on the connection you want information about, and then click on Status.


• In the connection Properties dialog box, click the Support tab.


• For even more information, click the Details tab.

Turn off CD Auto Play

If you Think how to turn off CD Auto paly don't worry here is some step for you easy:

• Click Start > Run


• Type gpedit.msc


• Click on Computer Config


• Then Click Administrative Template


• Click on System


• Double click Turn off Autoplay


• Click on Enable

Organize your desktop

To add a shortcut to Computer Management, a quick and dirty way to get to such important tools as the Event Viewer, Local

Users and Groups, Shared Folders, the Device Manager, and Disk Management. To surface this handy management dialog then
- click on Start menu
- Click on Control Panel
- Choose Administrative Tools.
- Then Right-click the Computer Management shortcut.
- Select Copy from the dialog menu.
- Right click an empty portion of the desktop and select Paste Shortcut.
- Use this procedure to add shortcuts to anything else, use Windows Explorer or My Computer to find your target

How to view bootup check disk result

Whether your computer rebooted with an error while you're away or you scheduled an automated check disk upon bootup, you might not get enough time to examine bootup chkdsk results. The good news is that Windows NT will save this information in the Events Log.


Windows XP

- Click on Start Button
- Click on Control Panel
- Click on Administrative Tools
- Select Event Viewer

- from the Start Menu.

- Select "Application" from the main menu.

- Scroll through the events until you see an event with "Autochk" as the "Source".

-Double click on the selected event to view the results of previous bootup check disk operations.

How to add a picture to your folder

If you need to Attractive your folder with your Photo icon then follow the following step:

• Right click on your folder


• Click properties (You can only change folders that which you have created)


• Click on the Customize Tab


• Click on Choose Picture, Choose your picture


• Click on Open


• Then Click on Apply and Ok

Your picture will be on the your folder

Windows Key Short key

Windows Key+D = Display the desktop
Windows Key+M = Minimize all of the windows
Windows Key+F1 = Display Windows Help
Windows Key+ L = Lock the keyboard
Windows Key+R = Open the Run dialog box
Windows Key+U = Open Utility Manager
Windows Key+SHIFT+M = Restore the minimized windows
Windows Key+E = Open My Computer
Windows Key+F = Search for a file or a folder
Windows Key+ CTRL+F = Search for computers

Shortcut key of Windows

F1 key = to open Help
F6 key = Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F4 key = Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer or any Internet
F3 key = Search for a file or a folder
F2 key = Rename the selected item (File, Folder, Program name)
F5 key = Refresh the active window
F10 key = Activate the menu bar in the active program
SHIFT+F10 = Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
CTRL+C = For Copy (Create Duplicate)
CTRL+X = For Move (One place to another)
CTRL+V = For open cut and copy command
CTRL+Z = Used for open delete option or previous command
DELETE = Delete Folder File or any program icon
SHIFT+DELETE = Delete the selected item permanently without moving the Recycle Bin
CTRL + arrow key or Click = select selected item
CTRL+SHIFT = dragging an item, Create a shortcut to the selected item
CTRL+A = To Select all Item
ALT+ENTER = View the properties for the selected item
ALT+F4 = Close the active item, or quit the active program
ALT+ENTER = Display the properties of the selected object
ALT+SPACEBAR = Open the shortcut menu for the active window
CTRL+F4 = Close active document and program at a time
ALT+TAB = Switch between the open items
ALT+ESC = Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened
Browse Address bar .
ALT+SPACEBAR = Display the System menu for the active window
CTRL+ESC = Display the Start menu
BACKSPACE =View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer
ESC = Cancel the current task
SHIFT = Stop the CD-ROM or pen drive from automatically playing
TAB = Move forward through the options
CTRL+SHIFT+ESC = To Open Task Manager
CTRL+TAB = Move forward through the tabs
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB = Move backward through the tabs
SHIFT+TAB = Move backward through the options
SHIFT five times = Switch the StickyKeys either on or off
NUM LOCK for five seconds = Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off

Lock folder without using any software

if you work in comptuer and there is many personal so dont worry here

is a step to lock your personal file with out using any software

- Stet 1: copy following code and open notepad then paste there and

save it as lock.bat

ren kkthakur kkthakur.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}

- Step 2. copy following code and open notepad then paste there and

save it as unlock.bat

ren kkthakur.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} kkthakur

Note: Save your Two bat file in same Directory Where you lock you

personal flder : i 'll create this two bat file in (eg.D:\) and and my

personal folder is in same directory (eg.D:\).

-Double click on Press lock.bat and the folder kkthakur's icon will

change to just like control panel and you cannot view its contents.

-Double click on unlock.bat and you will get back your previous folder.

I hope that this code is help you .

Shutdown Windows XP Faster

If you like to shutdown your computer at Faster then Follwo the Step

- GO To Start > Run
- Type Regedit,press Entry
- Go To HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE>SYSTEM>CURRENTCONTROLSET>CONTROL.
- Right on "WaitTokillServiceTimeout" and click Modify.
- There is already 2000 value , Change it Value Data less then 2000
- for test you enter 1000,5000 etc.

Or
Note: if you don't Risk Regedit then easy do it follwing Sted
- Press CTRL+ALT+DELETE
- Click on Shut Down Menu
- Hold Down CTRL key and Click Trun Off

email marketing

Email is a very versatile medium. Formats range from simple text to HTML & rich media. Content can be one-size-fits-all or highly customized. Frequency can consist of fixed, frequent intervals or sporadic intervals, with transmissions occurring only when something newsworthy comes along. Sophistication (and cost) can be very low or very high.

Along with the power of email comes the abuse of email, commonly known as spam. Is spam email considered marketing? Technically, the answer is probably yes, but it is certainly not responsible email marketing. While some users fail to distinguish between permission marketing and email spam, spam is actually a major threat to legitimate email marketers, as a glut of messages could make the entire email medium less effective.

Rename Recycle Bin Microsoft Windows users

Click on Start > Run>type regedit and press enter
Go HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT> CLSID
Open {645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E} folder
Open the ShellFolder folder
Change the "Attributes" data value from "40 01 00 20" to "50 01 00 20". Once completed change the "CallForAttributes" dword

value to "0x00000000" (double-click and change value data to 0). You must change both of these values to get the rename to appear.

After performing the above steps you will be able to rename the icon like any other icon. Right-click the Recycle Bin icon on the

desktop and click Rename and rename it to whatever you wish.

Please Note :Incorrectly editing the registry may severely damage your system.

Changing IE Titles

If you can change IE title then follow this step
- Click on Start Button > Run
- Type regedti (Then Display Regedit will display)
- Go Registry Key (HKEY_CURRENT_USER>Software>Miscrosoft>Internet Explorer>Main
- Right click > New > String value (Window Title)
- Right clck on it and click on Modify
- Value Data : Desired your Text , which you want to display in IE Title bar
- Click on ok

Trouble Saving Web Images

1. Your Internet Temporary Files folder may be full. Delete the Temporary Internet files.
- Click Tools and Internet Options.
- Go to the General tab and press the Delete Files button.

2. The second cause is more obscure. It can occur if you have "Do not save encrypted pages to disk" selected.
- Click Tools, Options, and go to the Advanced Tab.
- Uncheck the option to load the page over a secure connection (https).

Turn Off Pictures in Internet Explorer

1. In Internet Explorer, click Tools and then Internet Options.
2. Click the Advanced tab.
3. Scroll down to Multimedia and deselect Show Pictures.
4. Click OK to save your changes.

Another way to Scroll in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6

RESOLUTION

The maximum resolution is the amount of pixels that can be displayed horizontally x vertically. Be cautious when purchasing a

monitor at any size that advertises a large resolution size such as 1,600 x 1,200 for a 15" monitor.

Some monitor manufacturers may allow for such high resolutions at a high cost but the user will never utilize such a resolution. As the

monitor increases in size, the image display will decrease; below is a listing of a usable resolution limit by the size of the monitor.

These sizes can be debated but are the standard and most easily viewed resolutions.

15" 800 x 600 / 1,024 x 768

17" 1,280 x 1,024

19" 1,280 x 1024

21" - 1,600 x 1,200

MONITER

Before looking at what type of configurations you need to look for when purchasing a computer monitor, it is important to know if

you want a CRT or a Flat Panel / LCD monitor.

CRT Today, one of the most commonly used technologies for computer monitors. CRT, or Cathode Ray Tube, is a technology

much like what you will find on most TVs. CRT monitors are an affordable solution; however, they are bulky and very heavy.

Flat Panel / LCD LCD, or Liquid Crystal Display, monitors are similar to what is found on portable computers. LCD monitors

overall generally display much sharper of an image, are lighter and more space efficient; however, they are much more of an

expensive solution for desktop displays.

Removable Media Option

When considering a removable media device, especially if you want to share files between friends or office workers, you need to

make sure that you standardize on one type of media. Or, you may want to consider a CD writer or CD-RW writer.

Pros - Just about everyone has a CD-ROM, so most people will be able to read your files.

Cons - Ssssllllloooowww! Compared to most other media devices, writing with a CD writer takes forever. Plus, a CD writer may be

difficult to set up.

Computer's Terms

Application - a program in which you do your work.

Application menu - on the right side of the screen header. Lists running applications.

ASCII (pronounced ask-key ) - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. a commonly used data format for exchanging information between computers or programs.

Background - part of the multitasking capability. A program can run and perform tasks in the background while another program is being used in the foreground.

bit - the smallest piece of information used by the computer. Derived from "binary digit". In computer language, either a one (1) or a zero (0).

backup - a copy of a file or disk you make for archiving purposes.

boot - to start up a computer.

bug - a programming error that causes a program to behave in an unexpected way.

bus - an electronic pathway through which data is transmitted between components in a computer.

byte - a piece of computer information made up of eight bits.

card - a printed circuit board that adds some feature to a computer.

cartridge drive - a storage device, like a hard drive, in which the medium is a cartridge that can be removed.

CD-ROM - an acronym for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory.

Chooser - A desk accessory used to select a printer, or other external device, or to log onto a network.

Clipboard - A portion of memory where the Mac temporarily stores information. Called a Copy Buffer in many PC applications because it is used to hold information which is to be moved, as in word processing where text is "cut" and then "pasted".

Clock Rate (MHz) - The instruction processing speed of a computer measured in millions of cycles per second (i.e., 200 MHz).

command - the act of giving an instruction to your Mac either by menu choice or keystroke.

command (apple) key - a modifier key, the Command key used in conjunction with another keystroke to active some function on the Mac.

compiler - a program the converts programming code into a form that can be used by a computer.

compression - a technique that reduces the size of a saved file by elimination or encoding redundancies (i.e., JPEG, MPEG, LZW, etc.)

control key - seldom used modifier key on the Mac.

control panel - a program that allows you to change settings in a program or change the way a Mac looks and/or behaves.

CPU - the Central Processing Unit. The processing chip that is the "brains" of a computer.

crash - a system malfunction in which the computer stops working and has to be restarted.

cursor - The pointer, usually arrow or cross shaped, which is controlled by the mouse.

daisy chaining - the act of stringing devices together in a series (such as SCSI).

database - an electronic list of information that can be sorted and/or searched.

data - (the plural of datum) information processed by a computer.

defragment - (also - optimize) to concatenate fragments of data into contiguous blocks in memory or on a hard drive.

desktop - 1. the finder. 2. the shaded or colored backdrop of the screen.

desktop file - an invisible file in which the Finder stores a database of information about files and icons.

dialog box - an on-screen message box that appears when the Mac requires additional information before completing a command.

digitize - to convert linear, or analog, data into digital data which can be used by the computer.

disk - a spinning platter made of magnetic or optically etched material on which data can be stored.

disk drive - the machinery that writes the data from a disk and/or writes data to a disk.

disk window - the window that displays the contents or directory of a disk.

document - a file you create, as opposed to the application which created it.

DOS - acronym for Disk Operating System - used in IBM PCs.

DPI - acronym for Dots Per Inch - a gauge of visual clarity on the printed page or on the computer screen.

download - to transfer data from one computer to another. (If you are on the receiving end, you are downloading. If you are on the sending end, you are uploading ).

drag - to move the mouse while its button is being depressed.

drag and drop - a feature on the Mac which allows one to drag the icon for a document on top of the icon for an application, thereby launching the application and opening the document.

driver - a file on a computer which tells it how to communicate with an add-on piece of equipment (like a printer).

Ethernet - a protocol for fast communication and file transfer across a network.

expansion slot - a connector inside the computer which allows one to plug in a printed circuit board that provides new or enhanced features.

extension - a startup program that runs when you start the Mac and then enhances its function.

PCI - acronym for Peripheral Component Interchange - the newer, faster bus achitecture.

peripheral - an add-on component to your computer.

point - (1/72") 12 points = one pica in printing.

Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS)- a constantly charging battery pack which powers the computer. A UPS should have enough charge to power your computer for several minutes in the event of a total power failure, giving you time to save your work and safely shut down.

UPS - acronym for Uninterruptible Power Source.

vaporware - "software" advertised, and sometimes sold, that does not yet exist in a releasable for.

virtual memory - using part of your hard drive as though it were "RAM".

WORM - acronym for Write Once-Read Many; an optical disk that can only be written to once (like a CD-ROM).

zoom box - a small square in the upper right corner of a window which, when clicked, will expand the window to fill the whole screen.